By Yinka Ade-Aluko,
Nigeria’s film industry, Nollywood, is globally celebrated for its creativity, resilience, and extraordinary production volume.
Yet, recent insights from the FilmOne 2025 Box Office Year Book reveal a difficult reality: while Nollywood produces thousands of films annually, its cinema exhibition system remains too narrow, too expensive, and too urban-elite focused to deliver meaningful economic impact.
The issue is not talent. It is not storytelling. And it is certainly not audience potential. The real bottleneck is access.
According to the yearbook, Nigeria’s total cinema box office revenue stands at approximately ₦16 billion. On the surface, this may appear encouraging. But within the context of Nigeria’s trillion-naira economy, its population size, youth demographics, and expanding entertainment appetite, the figure signals underperformance rather than growth.
Nigeria has an estimated 250 million people, with over 60% under the age of 30. Youth-driven entertainment consumption is accelerating rapidly. Yet cinema revenue remains modest compared to telecoms, digital media, sports betting, and even segments of the informal entertainment economy.
This gap reveals a structural constraint.
Further, when a single blockbuster accounts for nearly 10% of annual box office revenue, it suggests concentration rather than broad-based industry expansion. Excessive revenue concentration increases systemic risk and discourages diversified investment. A healthy entertainment economy distributes opportunity widely.
Perhaps the most troubling statistic, and the clearest indicator of structural weakness, is attendance. Just 2.3 million total cinema admissions in a country of 250 million people. That means fewer than one in 100 Nigerians visited a cinema in an entire year.
This is not a demand problem. Nigerians consume films enthusiastically through streaming platforms, television, mobile devices, and informal channels. This is an accessibility problem. Cinema going in Nigeria has effectively become an urban luxury rather than a mass cultural experience.
Ticket pricing compounds the issue. Average ticket prices hover around ₦7,000, with some cinemas charging up to ₦15,000. For many Nigerian youths, students, and middle-income households, cinema outings become occasional treats rather than routine leisure. Family attendance becomes financially prohibitive. Repeat viewing – critical for box office sustainability – declines. Historically, strong cinema industries thrive on frequent attendance habits. High-ticket prices disrupt that cycle.
The production-to-exhibition imbalance is equally concerning. Nigeria reportedly produces around 2,000 films annually, yet only 81 Nigerian titles made it to cinemas within the reporting period. This reflects distribution bottlenecks and conservative gatekeeping structures. Meanwhile, foreign films – particularly Hollywood and Bollywood releases – collectively outnumber local titles in Nigerian cinemas.
The consequences are significant: limited revenue pathways for local filmmakers, reduced content diversity for audiences, and weak domestic circulation of Nigerian cultural narratives. Without accessible exhibition infrastructure, production volume alone cannot translate into economic impact.
Infrastructure limitations further constrain growth. With approximately 122 cinemas across Nigeria, Ghana, and Liberia combined, the exhibition base remains extremely limited relative to population size and geographic spread. Most cinemas are concentrated in upscale urban malls, major commercial cities, and high-income neighbourhoods. Campuses, semi-urban communities, secondary cities, and suburban populations remain largely underserved.
This concentration limits audience development, regional cultural participation, and job creation across the exhibition value chain – creating a vacuum of underemployment within what should be a vibrant sector.
However, the economic ripple effects of limited cinema access are profound. A robust exhibition ecosystem generates:
Employment Opportunities – Beyond actors and directors, cinemas support projectionists, marketers, hospitality staff, technicians, vendors, and creative service providers. Limited exhibition constrains these jobs.
Cultural Economy Growth – Cinema hubs stimulate retail traffic, tourism, nighttime economy activity, and creative entrepreneurship. Nigeria is not fully leveraging this multiplier effect.
Cultural Diplomacy and Soft Power – Nations with strong domestic exhibition systems export culture more effectively. A weak home exhibition base limits international influence.
It is time to rethink cinema for national development. A scalable alternative exists: a decentralised exhibition model incorporating community and campus cinemas, and even mobile cinema initiatives.
Such models offer distinct advantages:
Accessibility Expansion
Rather than expecting audiences to travel to expensive mall-based cinemas, film experiences should reach universities, colleges, suburban districts, emerging urban clusters, and youth communities. This approach aligns more closely with Nigeria’s demographic and psychographic realities.
Flexible Pricing Structures
Community cinema models can accommodate lower ticket prices, sponsorship-backed screenings, institutional partnerships, and subscription systems. These encourage repeat attendance – the cornerstone of sustainable cinema economies.
Strengthening Local Content Ecosystems
Community audiences often respond strongly to indigenous storytelling and socially relevant narratives. Expanding exhibition beyond elite urban centers deepens Nollywood’s cultural roots while broadening its economic reach.
Cultivating Future Audiences
Young people exposed early to cinema culture tend to develop lifelong viewing habits. Campus cinema initiatives can nurture Nigeria’s next generation of filmmakers, critics, investors, and loyal audiences.
Nigeria does not lack creative talent, production capacity, or audience appetite. What it lacks is widespread, affordable exhibition infrastructure.
If Nollywood is to maximise its economic and cultural potential, the industry must move beyond an elite, mall-based cinema model toward a more inclusive strategy. Communal cinema is not merely an alternative distribution channel. It may represent the missing link between Nollywood’s production strength and its unrealised economic impact.
Nigeria’s cinema industry stands at a crossroads. It can continue operating within a limited, high-cost exhibition framework, or it can decentralise access, domesticate and democratize film culture, and unlock the mass audience that has always been Nollywood’s greatest asset.
The future of Nigerian cinema may depend less on how many films are produced – and more on how widely they are seen.
- Yinka Ade-Aluko, founder of Doodle-Film Hub, can be contacted via tbadealuko@gmail.com